Blog de Francisco: LAIR: Partial 1 Quizes

I'm posting this so you can answer them if you want to study for the partial exam. :) Just click below:

Quiz 1

Excerpt from the "Declaration of Rights of Woman and Female Citizen" by Olympe de Gouges (1791):

"Man, are you capable of being just? It is a woman who poses the question; you will not deprive her of that right at least. Tell me, what gives you sovereign empire to oppress my sex? Your strength? Your talents? Observe the Creator in his wisdom; survey in all her grandeur that nature with whom you seem to want to be in harmony, and give me, if you dare, an example of this tyrannical empire. Go back to animals, consult the elements, study plants, finally glance at all the modifications of organic matter, and surrender to the evidence when I offer you the means; search, probe, and distinguish, if you can, the sexes in the administration of nature. Everywhere you will find them mingled; everywhere they cooperate in harmonious togetherness in this immortal masterpiece.

Man alone has raised his exceptional circumstances to a principle. Bizarre, blind, bloated with science and degenerated--in a century of enlightenment and wisdom--into the crassest ignorance, he wants to command as a despot a sex which is in full possession of its intellectual faculties; he pretends to enjoy the Revolution and to claim his rights to equality in order to say nothing more about it."

"Article 1.- Woman is born free and lives equal to man in her rights. Social distinctions can be based only on the common utility."

Answer the following questions:

1. Who is the author of this excerpt and when was it published? (10 points)

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2. What might be the purpose of this text? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

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3. Why does the author say that women are “equal to man” in their rights? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

4. How is this source useful to understand the French Revolution as a whole? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

5. What would this source be missing to help understand the French Revolution as a whole? (20 points)

6. Does this source show an example of radicalization? Justify your answer with examples. (10 points)

Excerpt from "On the Principles of Political Morality" by Maximilien Robespierre (1794):

"If virtue be the spring of a popular government in times of peace, the spring of that government during a revolution is virtue combined with terror: virtue, without which terror is destructive; terror, without which virtue is impotent. Terror is only justice prompt, severe and inflexible; it is then an emanation of virtue; it is less a distinct principle than a natural consequence of the general principle of democracy, applied to the most pressing wants of the country.

It has been said that terror is the spring of despotic government. Does yours then resemble despotism? Yes, as the steel that glistens in the hands of the heroes of liberty resembles the sword with which the satellites of tyranny are armed. Let the despot govern by terror his debased subjects; he is right as a despot: conquer by terror the enemies of liberty and you will be right as founders of the republic. The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny. Is force only intended to protect crime? Is not the lightning of heaven made to blast vice exalted?"

Answer the following questions:

1. Who is the author of this excerpt and when was it published? (10 points)

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2. What might be the purpose of this text? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

3. Why does the author describe terror as “an emanation of virtue”? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

4. How is this source useful to understand the French Revolution as a whole? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

5. What would this source be missing to help understand the French Revolution as a whole? (20 points)

6. Does this source show an example of radicalization? Justify your answer with examples. (10 points)

Detail from the painting titled “The Coronation of Napoleon,” by Jacques-Louis David (1807):

Answer the following questions:

1. Who is the author of this image and when was it created? (10 points)

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2. What might be the purpose of this image? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

3. Why does the author show Napoleon Bonaparte crowning his wife himself? Justify your answer with examples from the image itself. (20 points)

4. How is this source useful to understand the French Revolution as a whole? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

5. What would this source be missing to help understand the French Revolution as a whole? (20 points)

6. Does this source show an example of radicalization? Justify your answer with examples. (10 points)

Quiz 2

Excerpt from the Stamp Act of 1765, issued by the British Parliament:

"An act for granting and applying certain stamp duties, and other duties, in the British colonies and plantations in America, towards further defraying the expences of defending, protecting, and securing the same; and for amending such parts of the several acts of parliament relating to the trade and revenues of the said colonies and plantations, as direct the manner of determining and recovering the penalties and forfeitures therein mentioned.

WHEREAS by an act made in the last session of parliament, several duties were granted, continued, and appropriated, towards defraying the expences of defending, protecting, and securing, the British colonies and plantations in America: and whereas it is just and necessary, that provision be made for raising a further revenue within your Majesty’s dominions in America, towards defraying the said expences: we, your Majesty’s most dutiful and loyal subjects, the commons of Great Britain in parliament assembled, have therefore resolved to give and grant unto your Majesty the several rates and duties herein after mentioned; and do most humbly beseech your Majesty that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the King’s most excellent majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temporal, and commons, in this present parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That from and after the first day of November, one thousand seven hundred and sixty five, there shall be raised, levied, collected, and paid unto his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, throughout the colonies and plantations in America which now are, or hereafter may be, under the dominion of his Majesty, his heirs and successors."

Answer the following questions:

1. Why was the British Parliament imposing these new stamp duties on “the British colonies and plantations in America” instead of Great Britain? (20 points)

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2. What does the text of the Act mean when it says the British Parliament seeks to “protect and secure” the British colonies in America? (20 points)

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3. What characteristics of the British government in 1765 may be understood from the second paragraph? (20 points)

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4. What was the reaction of people in the British colonies to the Stamp Act of 1765? What were the reasons for this reaction? (20 points)

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5. Is the notion of law as the result of the general will present in this source? Justify your answer with examples. (29 points)

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Detail from the painting titled “Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States of America,” by Howard Chandler (1787):

Excerpt from the Constitution of the United States of America:

"WE THE PEOPLE of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."

Answer the following questions:

1. What situation was the Constitution of the United States of America meant to deal with? (20 points)

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2. What was the objective of signing a Constitution after the end of the American Revolution? (20 points)

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3. What characteristics of the American concept of equality may be understood from the two provided sources? (20 points)

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4. In contrast to the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen, which is a list of the specific rights held by French citizens, the United States Constitution does not specify all the rights held American citizens. What may have been the reason for this ambiguity? (20 points)

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5. Is the notion of law as the result of the general will present in these sources? Justify your answer with examples. (20 points)

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Blog de Francisco

jueves, 31 de agosto de 2017

LAIR: Partial 1 Quizes

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